本文目录:
- 1、为什么mysql这么占内存
- 2、Docker调优之mysql内存占用过大
- 3、Mysql数据库CPU占用过高原因排查 show processlist
- 4、mysqld占用CPU过高是什么原因
- 5、mysql耗内存吗?应该怎么处理?
为什么mysql这么占内存
服务器内存占用过高的解决方法:
1,首先通过任务管理器进行进程排序,查找占用内存较大的程序进程。一般占用内存较大的进程有W3WP、sqlserver、mysqld-nt.exe;
2, 站点进程w3wp 可以在cmd命令行中通过 iisapp 命令来对应是那个网站占用内存较大。可以通过设置回收时间、内存最大使用值或共用进程池来减少内存的占用,但是如果要保证网站的访问质量,还是建议升级至更高型号来解决;
3,数据库 sql server 也可以通过数据库的企业管理器来设置最大内存占用,但是如果网站程序必须要占用较大内存的话,设置后会发生页面报错、打不开等问题;
4,MYSQL本身会占用较大虚拟内存,如果不使用mysql数据库的话,可以将其停止。
Docker调优之mysql内存占用过大
前几天在一台小内存上部署mysql,但经常被系统killed,排查问题之后发现是其内存瞬间占用过高,机器爆了内存,于是便有了这篇文章,记录一次调优经验。
使用docker stats查看mysql占用,发现降到了10%以下,效果明显。
Mysql数据库CPU占用过高原因排查 show processlist
mysql服务器最近偶尔出现cpu百分百居高不下的情况,所以需要进行分析
兄弟命令 show processlist;只列出前100条,如果想全列出请使用show full processlist;
先 简单说一下各列的含义和用途:
正在将表中修改的数据刷新到磁盘中,同时正在关闭已经用完的表。这是一个很快的操作,如果不是这样的话,就应该确认磁盘空间是否已经满了或者磁盘是否正处于重负中。
Connect Out
复制从服务器正在连接主服务器。
Copying to tmp table on disk
由于临时结果集大于 tmp_table_size,正在将临时表从内存存储转为磁盘存储以此节省内存。
Creating tmp table
正在创建临时表以存放部分查询结果。
deleting from main table
服务器正在执行多表删除中的第一部分,刚删除第一个表。
deleting from reference tables
服务器正在执行多表删除中的第二部分,正在删除其他表的记录。
Flushing tables
正在执行 FLUSH TABLES,等待其他线程关闭数据表。
Killed
发送了一个kill请求给某线程,那么这个线程将会检查kill标志位,同时会放弃下一个kill请求。MySQL会在每次的主循环中检查kill标志 位,不过有些情况下该线程可能会过一小段才能死掉。如果该线程程被其他线程锁住了,那么kill请求会在锁释放时马上生效。
Locked
被其他查询锁住了。
Sending data
正在处理 SELECT 查询的记录,同时正在把结果发送给客户端。
Sorting for group
正在为 GROUP BY 做排序。
Sorting for order
正在为 ORDER BY 做排序。
Opening tables
这个过程应该会很快,除非受到其他因素的干扰。例如,在执 ALTER TABLE 或 LOCK TABLE 语句行完以前,数据表无法被其他线程打开。 正尝试打开一个表。
Removing duplicates
正在执行一个 SELECT DISTINCT 方式的查询,但是MySQL无法在前一个阶段优化掉那些重复的记录。因此,MySQL需要再次去掉重复的记录,然后再把结果发送给客户端。
Reopen table
获得了对一个表的锁,但是必须在表结构修改之后才能获得这个锁。已经释放锁,关闭数据表,正尝试重新打开数据表。
Repair by sorting
修复指令正在排序以创建索引。
Repair with keycache
修复指令正在利用索引缓存一个一个地创建新索引。它会比 Repair by sorting 慢些。
Searching rows for update
正在讲符合条件的记录找出来以备更新。它必须在 UPDATE 要修改相关的记录之前就完成了。
Sleeping
正在等待客户端发送新请求.
System lock
正在等待取得一个外部的系统锁。如果当前没有运行多个 mysqld 服务器同时请求同一个表,那么可以通过增加 –skip-external-locking参数来禁止外部系统锁。
U pgrading lock
INSERT DELAYED 正在尝试取得一个锁表以插入新记录。
Updating
正在搜索匹配的记录,并且修改它们。
User Lock
正在等待 GET_LOCK()。
Waiting for tables
该线程得到通知,数据表结构已经被修改了,需要重新打开数据表以取得新的结构。然后,为了能的重新打开数据表,必须等到所有其他线程关闭这个表。以下几种 情况下会产生这个通知:FLUSH TABLES tbl_name, ALTER TABLE, RENAME TABLE, REPAIR TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE, 或 OPTIMIZE TABLE。
waiting for handler insert
INSERT DELAYED 已经处理完了所有待处理的插入操作,正在等待新的请求。
大部分状态对应很快的操作,只要有一个线程保持同一个状态好几秒钟,那么可能是有问题发生了,需要检查一下。
还有其他的状态没在上面中列出来,不过它们大部分只是在查看服务器是否有存在错误是才用得着。
文章转自:
mysqld占用CPU过高是什么原因
一般是睡眠连接过多,严重消耗mysql服务器资源(主要是cpu, 内存),并可能导致mysql崩溃。
解决办法 :
mysql的配置my.ini文件中,有一项:
wait_timeout, 即可设置睡眠连接超时秒数,如果某个连接超时,会被mysql自然终止。
wait_timeout过大有弊端,其体现就是MySQL里大量的SLEEP进程无法及时释放,拖累系统性能,不过也不能把这个指设置的过小,否则你可能会遭遇到“MySQL has gone away”之类的问题,通常来说,我觉得把wait_timeout设置为10是个不错的选择,但某些情况下可能也会出问题,比如说有一个CRON脚本,其中两次SQL查询的间隔时间大于10秒的话,那么这个设置就有问题了(当然,这也不是不能解决的问题,你可以在程序里时不时mysql_ping一下,以便服务器知道你还活着,重新计算wait_timeout时间):
mysql show global variables like ‘wait_timeout’;
+—————————-+——-+
| Variable_name | Value |
+—————————-+——-+
| wait_timeout | 120 |
+—————————-+——-+
mysql set global wait_timeout=20;
至此,mysql占用cpu下降了
mysql耗内存吗?应该怎么处理?
mysql耗内存吗?很多人都说MySQL占用了很大的虚拟内存,那么这个问题应该怎么解决呢?下面是我收集整理的一些方法,现在分享给大家!
解决mysql耗内存的具体方法一:
在分析的过程中发现最耗内存的是MySQL,其中近1GB的内存被它吞了,而且不在任务管理器体现出来。这个数据库软件是EMS要用到了,所以必须要运行。这个软件在安装的时候会根据机器的实际内存自动进行配置,PC机物理内存越多,它默认占有的内存就越多,难怪3GB的内存被它给吞了近1GB。
优化方法:
1. 退出EMS clientserver
2. 在CMD里运行:net stop mysql
3. 找到MySQL\MySQL Server的安装目录,里面有个my.ini文件,参考附件的配置对参数query_cache_size tmp_table_size myisam_sort_buffer_size key_buffer_size innodb_buffer_pool_size进行修改,注意不要改动innodb_log_file_size,修改前备份my.ini
4. 在CMD里运行:net start mysql,如果提示成功,则说明修改的参数没有什么问题,如果失败,重新调整一下上面的参数
5. 找到EMS 安装目录runGUI.bat runServer.bat脚本,找到-Xmx700m,改为-Xmx256m,注意修改前备份这两个文件,感谢Liping Sun提供帮助
6. 重新运行EMS
前后对比,对于3GB的PC,发现可以节省近1GB的内存。对于2GB的PC,也可以节省600-800MB。优化后发现EMS启动稍微慢一些,但是其它的软件运行速度提高了很多,不在经常出现卡机现象了。如果在运行过程中发现EMS特别慢的话,自己也可以适当放大上面提到的一些参数。
my.ini
MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
———————————————————————-
Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
Installation Instructions
———————————————————————-
On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options
(@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to
~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory
of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To
make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option
“–defaults-file”.
To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a
command line shell, e.g.
mysqld –defaults-file=”C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini”
To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a
command line shell, e.g.
mysqld –install MySQLXY –defaults-file=”C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini”
And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.
net start MySQLXY
Guildlines for editing this file
———————————————————————-
In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.
If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program
with the “–help” option.
More detailed information about the individual options can also be
found in the manual.
CLIENT SECTION
———————————————————————-
The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
MySQL client library initialization.
[client]
port=3306
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
SERVER SECTION
———————————————————————-
The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this
file.
[mysqld]
The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306
Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
basedir=”D:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/”
Path to the database root
datadir=”C:/Documents and Settings/All Users/Application Data/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/Data/”
The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
created and no character set is defined
character-set-server=utf8
The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB
Set the SQL mode to strict
sql-mode=”STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION”
The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
connection limit has been reached.
max_connections=1510
Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them
without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query
cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your
have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the
“Qcache_lowmem_prunes” status variable to check if the current value
is high enough for your load.
Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are
textually different every time, the query cache may result in a
slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
query_cache_size=16M
The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
allowed to at least 4096 in the variable “open-files-limit” in
section [mysqld_safe]
table_cache=3020
Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
of them.
tmp_table_size=4M
How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
disconnects, the client’s threads are put in the cache if there aren’t
more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces
the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
connections. (Normally this doesn’t give a notable performance
improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
thread_cache_size=64
*** MyISAM Specific options
The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
through the key cache (which is slower).
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger
than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the
key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in
large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.
myisam_sort_buffer_size=4M
Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you’re not using
MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
used for internal temporary disk tables.
key_buffer_size=16M
Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
read_buffer_size=64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K
This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in
REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE
into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with
large settings.
sort_buffer_size=256K
*** INNODB Specific options ***
Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
and speed up some things.
skip-innodb
Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata
information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will
start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most
recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this
value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=9M
If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
(even with long transactions).
innodb_log_buffer_size=5M
InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you
might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
set it too high.
innodb_buffer_pool_size=32M
Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
recovery process.
innodb_log_file_size=88M
Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
innodb_thread_concurrency=8
解决mysql耗内存的具体方法二:
更改后如下:
innodb_buffer_pool_size=576M -256M InnoDB引擎缓冲区占了大头,首要就是拿它开刀
query_cache_size=100M -16M 查询缓存
tmp_table_size=102M -64M 临时表大小
key_buffer_size=256m -32M
重启mysql服务后,虚拟内存降到200以下.
另外mysql安装目录下有几个文件:my-huge.ini 、my-large.ini、my-medium.ini…这几个是根据内存大小作的建议配置,新手在设置的时候也可以参考一下。
2G内存的MYSQL数据库服务器 my.ini优化 (my.ini)
2G内存,针对站少,优质型的设置,试验特:
table_cache=1024 物理内存越大,设置就越大.默认为2402,调到512-1024最佳
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=8M 默认为2M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 等到innodb_log_buffer_size列队满后再统一储存,默认为1
innodb_log_buffer_size=4M 默认为1M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8 你的服务器CPU有几个就设置为几,默认为8
key_buffer_size=256M 默认为218 调到128最佳
tmp_table_size=64M 默认为16M 调到64-256最挂
read_buffer_size=4M 默认为64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M 默认为256K
sort_buffer_size=32M 默认为256K
max_connections=1024 默认为1210
试验一:
table_cache=512或1024
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=1M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8 你的服务器CPU有几个就设置为几,默认为8
key_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=128M
read_buffer_size=64K或128K
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K
sort_buffer_size=512K
max_connections=1024
试验二:
table_cache=512或1024
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=4M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8
key_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=128M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M
sort_buffer_size=32M
max_connections=1024
一般:
table_cache=512
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=4M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8
key_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=128M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M
sort_buffer_size=32M
max_connections=1024
经过测试.没有特殊情况,最好还是用默认的.
2G内存,针对站多,抗压型的设置,最佳:
table_cache=1024 物理内存越大,设置就越大.默认为2402,调到512-1024最佳
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=4M 默认为2M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
(设置为0就是等到innodb_log_buffer_size列队满后再统一储存,默认为1)
innodb_log_buffer_size=2M 默认为1M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8 你的服务器CPU有几个就设置为几,建议用默认一般为8
key_buffer_size=256M 默认为218 调到128最佳
tmp_table_size=64M 默认为16M 调到64-256最挂
read_buffer_size=4M 默认为64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M 默认为256K
sort_buffer_size=32M 默认为256K
max_connections=1024 默认为1210
thread_cache_size=120 默认为60
query_cache_size=64M
优化mysql数据库性能的十个参数
(1)、max_connections:
允许的同时客户的数量。增加该值增加 mysqld 要求的文件描述符的数量。这个数字应该增加,否则,你将经常看到 too many connections 错误。 默认数值是100,我把它改为1024 。
(2)、record_buffer:
每个进行一个顺序扫描的线程为其扫描的每张表分配这个大小的一个缓冲区。如果你做很多顺序扫描,你可能想要增加该值。默认数值是131072(128k),我把它改为16773120 (16m)
(3)、key_buffer_size:
索引块是缓冲的并且被所有的线程共享。key_buffer_size是用于索引块的缓冲区大小,增加它可得到更好处理的索引(对所有读和多重写),到你能负担得起那样多。如果你使它太大,系统将开始换页并且真的变慢了。默认数值是8388600(8m),我的mysql主机有2gb内存,所以我把它改为 402649088(400mb)。
4)、back_log:
要求 mysql 能有的连接数量。当主要mysql线程在一个很短时间内得到非常多的连接请求,这就起作用,然后主线程花些时间(尽管很短)检查连接并且启动一个新线程。
back_log 值指出在mysql暂时停止回答新请求之前的短时间内多少个请求可以被存在堆栈中。只有如果期望在一个短时间内有很多连接,你需要增加它,换句话说,这值对到来的tcp/ip连接的侦听队列的大小。你的操作系统在这个队列大小上有它自己的限制。试图设定back_log高于你的操作系统的限制将是无效的。
当你观察你的主机进程列表,发现大量 264084 | unauthenticated user | xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx | null | connect | null | login | null 的待连接进程时,就要加大 back_log 的值了。默认数值是50,我把它改为500。
(5)、interactive_timeout:
服务器在关闭它前在一个交互连接上等待行动的秒数。一个交互的客户被定义为对 mysql_real_connect()使用 client_interactive 选项的客户。 默认数值是28800,我把它改为7200。
(6)、sort_buffer:
每个需要进行排序的线程分配该大小的一个缓冲区。增加这值加速order by或group by操作。默认数值是2097144(2m),我把它改为 16777208 (16m)。
(7)、table_cache:
为所有线程打开表的数量。增加该值能增加mysqld要求的文件描述符的数量。mysql对每个唯一打开的表需要2个文件描述符。默认数值是64,我把它改为512。
(8)、thread_cache_size:
可以复用的保存在中的线程的数量。如果有,新的线程从缓存中取得,当断开连接的时候如果有空间,客户的线置在缓存中。如果有很多新的线程,为了提高性能可以这个变量值。通过比较 connections 和 threads_created 状态的变量,可以看到这个变量的作用。我把它设置为 80。
(9)mysql的搜索功能
用mysql进行搜索,目的是能不分大小写,又能用中文进行搜索
只需起动mysqld时指定 –default-character-set=gb2312
(10)、wait_timeout:
服务器在关闭它之前在一个连接上等待行动的秒数。 默认数值是28800,我把它改为7200。
注:参数的调整可以通过修改 /etc/my.cnf 文件并重启 mysql 实现。这是一个比较谨慎的工作,上面的结果也仅仅是我的一些看法,你可以根据你自己主机的硬件情况(特别是内存大小)进一步修改。
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